Risk Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management Paper - Essay Example It is essential to define what a risk is, too. A risk is any form of activity or behavior that shall create a sense of either wellness or the absolute lack of it (implication in the form of negativity) for the subject at hand. In this case, the subject is the management domain within a particular organization which is ready to assess the risk that shall be encountered within its folds, and which will mean success or the lack thereof within the related communicative settings. Risk management within the aegis of justice and security organizations is all the more important because there is minimal chance of having any error within the related folds. By this, one emphasizes the need for understanding how risk management should be taken up as a practice in its own right and what more could be done to bring about a sense of ease and comfort within the security organizations and justice realms (Davidsson, 2010). Risk management strategies take care of transferring the risk towards another p arty or even avoiding the risk once and for all. This is so important because it clearly justifies the role of risk being a deterrent towards culmination of a number of tasks, behaviors and activities. Therefore risk management shapes up quite a few beliefs if seen from the justice and security organizations’ point of view. Risk management is a source of providing ease when the justice regimes require the proper implementation of codes and procedures within the judicial angles (Palmieri, 2011). If the judicial angles are not being given the significance that these richly deserve, then this means that the risk management aspects have not been properly utilized or even not thought about of being used in the first place. Risk management within the aegis of security and justice is of paramount importance. This is because risk management finds out the exact basis through which the decisions will be taken into proper perspectives Pelzer, 2009). It would make the lives easier of the people who are related with such fields and give them an avenue to explore their own basis, discern where they are going wrong and find out how success will be attained at the end of the day as far as justice and security organizations are concerned. The risk management domains gain an even more significant role in this day and age because the amount of risk involved within a transaction is directly proportional to how much the justice and security organizations can achieve and acquire at the end of the day (Massingham, 2010). The risk management avenues have been able to muster up confidence within the economic and financial angles of the world’s most sought after organizations and the reason for the same lies on the shoulders of the people who have made it a possibility. What is even more interesting is the fact that risk management has been able to make its point get heard and discerned properly within the context of the justice and security organizations ever so dominant ly now than ever before. In terms of understanding how management works, risk management will only solve the issues that plague it in more ways than one. This would mean that the risk man

Terrorism and anti-terrorism laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Terrorism and anti-terrorism laws - Essay Example The most prominent combination of the War Measures Act, Canadian security certificate program, and Canada’s own Anti-Terrorism Act provides a stable and strong anti-terrorist legal framework in the country. However, the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act functions as the most powerful element of this framework. The Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act extends the legal sphere of the war measures mechanism. Canada has fought wars with the United States and also it had conflicts with the Native Indian populations on certain occasions. During the World War II, Canada participated in several military operations in Europe and Asia-Pacific region. During Cold War, tensions regarding the country’s internal security concerns often surfaced. Hence, formulating the Anti-Terrorism Act in response to the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks was challenging but not impossible. Technically, this Act extends the powers of the institutions and the Government athwart the country’s security establishment so that they can address, combat, and diminish the threat of terror. The Act has some most important law enforcement process at focus. These are pre-emptive detention, extended surveillance, investigative hearing, preventive arrest, and stringent sentencing. Thus, it is highly similar to the USA PATRIOT Act, which was passed after the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. (Canadian Legal Information Institute, 2012) It has been already mentioned that although Canada’s past has been relatively peaceful, the country’s involvement in several important greater international conflicts cannot be ignored. Like World War II and Cold War, Canada got involved in the War on Terror too. And like the previous conflicts, this conflict too called for certain specific and special arrangements. Terrorism has its peculiar dynamics. Since it is not direct warfare and even terrorist states enjoy diplomatic immunity in the modern society, it may prove to be more dangerous in the sense of psychological effect. And in the

Pattern and Sequences of Child Development

Pattern and Sequences of Child Development Introduction Before birth, after and until adulthood children grow and develop continually. They follow an expected pattern of development to reach a stage to the next. However, we observe that each children develop at their own pace of time. With some children there may be delays in their pattern of development. In general, the pattern is seen in the growth of the body from head to toe, then the building of muscles to gain control on the body and then the formation of speech and the emotional responses are acquired. In order to describe the developmental process of the child, practitioners should base their observations on the following area of development; Physical Development This area of development studies how children acquire the below physical abilities to perform certain activities. Gross Motor Skills – These are movements made by large limbs such as kicking a ball, pulling a heavy object or throwing an object. Fine Motor Skills – These are fine and precise movement shown when holding a pencil correctly, retrieving a tiny object from the floor. Locomotive Skills – These are skills for balancing the body such as walking on a line, standing on one foot for a few minutes. Cognitive Development This area of development describes the intellectual development of the child. Children show a profound development in receiving, retaining, processing information. They are learning to think logical and understand. They are able to form imagination and learn problem solving skills. Communication Development This area of development considers the ability to communicate information in the form of speech, verbal and non-verbal, reading and writing, asking questions, discussing and gestures through body language. Social and Emotional Development This area of development deals with children’s ability to express their feelings and emotions. It also includes forming relationships, self- identity, social behaviour as how to speak courteously, caring for oneself and others and also how to deal with their emotions. Moral Development This area of development is closely related to the Social and Emotional Development. Here children are able to learn how to distinguish between right or wrong activities, how to react and behave towards others, how to make the right choices and they develop abstract moral reasoning. Researchers have observed that the development of children follows an expected stage in the form of time spans. This is referred to as Four Stages of Development according to Maria Montessori. First Plane of Development (0-6 Years) – The Period of Infancy 0-3 Years The human baby is fully dependent on the adult for its movement and interpretation of his needs, unlike other species of beings that are able to walk or make same kind of noises like their adults, almost immediately after they are born. The human child can only express by crying. Physically the child is disproportionate, for example, the child’s head is much larger in proportion to the whole body. By the age of three the child is significantly more independent and although physically still disproportioned the child has acquired movements, if not perfect but reasonably coordinated. 3-6 Years During this period the child of three although more physically proportionate than the child between birth to three, the child is still perfecting his coordination of movements. The Absorbent Mind along with the Sensitive Periods is still functioning, the child is absorbing all the impressions that surround his environment; however he is now able to question and reason before he accepts what he sees. The period between three to six marks the period of expansion, consolidation and completion. The child during this period is attracted to more challenging activities and his hands, Maria Montessori refers to as â€Å"the instrument of his intelligence† aids him to explore his environment sensorially. The child is ready for an environment outside his home; however â€Å"Help me to help myself† is his exclamation. Second Plane of Development (6 – 12 Years) – The Period of Childhood At this stage the child is physically independent and is stronger. The child constantly engages in activities to test how strong, fast, daring and challenging he/she is. The infant soft hair disappears and the first tooth falls. The child becomes slim, lean, limbs become larger showing proportion of an adult. There is mental and physical stability, a uniform growth. The period is characterised by reasoning and imagination. The child builds a bridge towards abstract thinking. The child seeks for intellectual independence. The motto here is â€Å"I can think it myself.† This is the period when the child is attracted to peer groups, what Dr Montessori refers to as the â€Å"Herd Instinct†. Normally, this group is of same sex. The group gives sense of belonging and tend to dress alike. They develop a feeling of loyalty. There is constant seeking of approval for their actions. The group consists of a leader, person second in command and the followers/doers of tasks, what is termed as â€Å"dog’s body†. They form a mini-organisation and establish strict rules and maintain intimate secrets. Dr Montessori believes that influence of such group is so essential that it prepares a child to perform grown up tasks efficiently, it develops the spirit of integrity, power of will and reasoning, able to make decisions, deduce, organise, plan and acquire problem solving skills. The child is also able to experience responsibilities to the group and its functions. Third Plane of Development (12 – 18 Years) – The Period of Adolescence Arrival of puberty marks the end of childhood and is the beginning of adolescence. Enormous changes occur both physically and mentally. Physically, between the ages 12 – 15, the body is disproportionate, example the boys develop longs arms and they become conscious of their appearance and clothing. The body reaches full maturity between fifteen and eighteen. The period is aimed at constructing a social self. It is characterised by self concern and self assessment. By exploring wider cultural issues, in relation to society at large, the adolescent is capable of critical thinking and re-evaluation. Studies show that they are susceptible to anorexia, bulimia. Psychologically they become more aware of the social being and therefore are ultra sensitive, antagonistic to authority, easily discouraged, experience emotional highs and lows, emotional doubts, experience a decrease in intellectual activities. The adolescent becomes interested in music, drama, dance and other creative acti vities, because these activities allows them self-expressions and begins to idolise people and organisations, which can lead to appreciate social values or engage in anti-social behaviours. This is the period when the child seeks to gain financial independence with the motto, â€Å"I can get it myself†. Montessori envisioned this period as the â€Å"Erd Kinder† or â€Å"Children of the Land†. Fourth Plane of Development (18 – 24 Years) – The Period of Maturity or Adulthood The fourth plane of development is similar to the first plane, in that it is the period of consolidation and expansion. This plane depends on how the child has passed the earlier planes of development. If all the needs in the above planes have been fulfilled the child will feel secure and well adapted to his environment, is more able to make decisions on how life should be and how to contribute to the human values. This period is characterised by construction of self-understanding and spiritual development. The person is seeking to know one’s own place within the world. The personality seeks to enhance emotional independence and the motto is, â€Å"I can stand on my own†. Influences of Development Young children are easily influenced by various factors in the environment which affects their learning and behavioural process. They can be affected by various social, environmental, economic and biological factors. Studies are conducted as to how the development of children is affected by both personal and external factors. Personal Factors Personal factors are those that are influenced by nature or genetic formation such as, Problems during pregnancy and at birth An embryo is made up of 46 chromosomes which carried the genetic information of both male and the female partners. An embryo may not survive if there are changes in the number of chromosome. If the embryo does survive, the extra or the missing chromosome will cause an effect in the learning and development of the child. For example, Down Syndrome is caused due to an extra chromosome. The foetal development of the child can be also affected due to mother’s behaviour towards health. If the mother continues to smoke and consume drugs during pregnancy can harm the child.Children with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) have distinct facial features including small and narrow eyes, a small head, a smooth area between the nose and the lips and a thin upper lip. They also show symptoms such as hearing, facial, immune system problems, epilepsy etc. Children can also be affected if they are born prematurely whereby there development can be delayed Health The development of the child can be affected due to genetic disorders. For example, a blood disorder such as sickle cell disease can be a barrier for development, as the child may not be able to fully participate in any physical activities which require gross muscle movements. Disabilities Children with disabilities are challenged with cognitive abilities and physical growth. Many disabilities are caused due to genetic conditions at birth, for example Down Syndrome. External Factors Many external factors are also reasons affecting children’s development. They can be broadly divided into, Poverty In the United Kingdom many children are experiencing adverse poverty levels causing physical, social, emotional and psychological distress. It has been observed that they are mostly due to Relative Poverty rather than Absolute Poverty. â€Å"Relative Poverty is a comparison of income compared to the average. It is concerned with the material things and personal possessions that society sees as requirement to live daily life.† â€Å"Absolute Poverty is a lack of basic human needs including food, shelter, warmth, sanitation, health care and education.† Children affected by poverty are seen to lack necessities such as; a) Diet A balanced diet consists of right amount of vitamins and minerals in the food, important for the growth and development of children. Families experiencing poverty tend to purchase cheap and highly processes food. These foods contain high levels of saturated fat, sugar and salt causing obesity and malnutrition, the factors largely affecting the social and economic condition of the society among young people and adults. Imbalanced food further affects the diet leading to lethargy and hyperactive conditions which further cause behavioural problems among children in their physical, social and emotional factors. b) Housing Families experiencing poverty or those who fall under the lower income group may have insufficient housing facilities, with inadequate ventilation and heating problems causing colds and asthma. Children living in crowded houses may not have opportunities for physical exercises thus leading to obesity and delay in physical development. c) Play and Leisure Opportunities Children require opportunities to socialise and make use of the various social clubs and settings to develop their physical and social skills and personal interests such as hobbies. Families who are unable to afford the finances may not be able to help their children to make use of these facilities, including transport to travel to and back from the social clubs. Family Environments and Backgrounds A healthy family environment and background is profound for children’s development. Families that are able to provide balanced diet, good housing and play and leisure opportunities contribute to the well-being of children’s development. However, some families are unable to do so due to poverty or lower income causing depression, usage of drugs and alcohol among parents affecting child development. Family Circumstances Stress is another major social issue among families. Conditions such as long term illness, bereavement or separation among parents and other family members creates adverse effect on children’s physical, social and emotional development. Personal Choices and Decisions As children grow older, they are faced to make decisions independently thus causing peer pressure in their societal conditions, leading to consumption of alcohol and drugs. Usage of such substances may cause depression, anxiety, behavioural problems and the development of the brain. When they are not able to make purposeful decisions young people suffer dietary issues leading to malnutrition and obesity. Education Parents are the first educators. The values and beliefs children learn at home are vital for early social and personality development. A good quality education support children’s ability in intellectual development which helps to form self-identity, self-worth, self-esteem and self-confidence. Educational organisations such as schools, clubs, church should be provided such that children are supported in their social and moral development. Why Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern The growth of children is observed to follow an expected pattern. They follow a successive developmental stage each supporting the other stage of development. At times there are delays in achieving this milestone which allows further investigation as to why the delay has been occurred. The following factors are outlined to describe the dilemma as to why the development may not follow the expected pattern; Emotional Influences Children are seen to thrive in a safe and happy environment. When children are able to develop attachment with their parents, other members of the family, peers and practitioners their emotional needs are fulfilled. Physical Reasons Children should be provided with appropriate environment such that their physical needs are fulfilled. If children experience delays in their growth, their physical development can be affected. Environmental Factors Family and outside environment such as school and clubs play an important role in children’s development. External influences have an immense effect on children’s physical, social, emotional and psychological well-being. Cultural Reasons Cultural differences influence the development of children. For example, cultures that give higher priority to male genders cause difficulties and missed opportunities for female children to thrive in their society, where statutory education or an inclusive practice in maintained. Social Influences Certain structure and lifestyle followed by families may not be appropriate for child’s growth. Parental separation, for example can cause negative effect on children, causing anxiety, stress and fear. Children may become without and find it socially challenging to communicate. Disability Children with disability may find it difficult to challenge the factors affecting their growth if parents, peers and practitioners do not provide the right kind of environment to support their developmental needs. Early Intervention When the child is seen to experience a certain delay or delays in his learning and developmental abilities, it is important to identify the appropriate ways to support the child in those needs and if need be, to bring it to the attention of other professionals for further support. Primary care and early intervention is necessary to reduce the effects of such delays in the developmental growth of the child. It is important for children in the long run. When early intervention is given, children are able to develop their skills and abilities required for further educational and other social needs, which in turn supports in their overall development by experiencing success as adults. The following emotional challenges are observed to be experienced, where delays affecting development are not given appropriate early intervention; Frustration Changes in Behaviour Fewer Opportunities The Role of the Childcare Setting in Early Intervention Early year educational settings can play an important role in identifying the special needs or conditions in children and providing appropriate resources and materials that support their learning and developmental skills. A key worker for each child should be assigned such that the practitioner is able to observe the interests, hobbies, likes and dislikes special needs of the child. A close observation and assessment of the child’s development can be helpful to identify areas where the child feels challenged or faces difficulties in performing a certain activity. According to the EYFS, it is essential that a regular and formal review of the children’s progress is carried out in the early years settings in areas such as, Communication and Language Physical Development Personal, Social and Emotional Development A regular health check should also be followed to review the progress of children’s development such that they are given appropriate support by using effective resources and materials. Meena Sugandha SEN Level 3 Page 1 2014OSC51324

Political Magazine: The Nations Essay -- Expository Politics Essays

Political Magazine: The Nations In 1865, a small political magazine was founded and given the name The Nation. This magazine was not meant to be a mainstream magazine that tries not to offend anyone. Rather The Nation was originally intended to provide the facts of the current issues and avoid exaggeration and political alliance with any party or sect. (The Nation’s founding prospectus, 1865) Nearly 140 years later, The Nation continues to raise eyebrows with its bold publications and political slant. Upon examining The Nation’s printed editorials and comments and the magazine’s website, it can easily be found that The Nation is a clearly liberal magazine as it has been for quite some time. In the February 18, 2002, edition of The Nation, the â€Å"Comment† section was overflowing with evidence of the magazines liberal stance. The entire column â€Å"Little but War Itself† was devoted to the disappointment of the magazine in President Bush and his State of the Union address. As the article points out, Bush seems to be an extremely meek President who does not want to say anything too risky. The author of this article, Robert L. Borosage writes, â€Å"Emboldened by success in war, Bush had little to offer but war itself† (4). This quote clearly illustrates how Borosage sees Bush as lacking the backbone to take any real stance despite his enormous approval rate brought on by the success of the United States in the War on Terrorism. Later in this article, Borosage describes Bush’s plans for the future as featuring â€Å"permanent tax cut for corporations, cuts not linked to new investment or new jobs – a simple payback to his contri butors† (4). This harsh criticism of President Bush depicts him as being more worried about returning p... ...is article could not scream the political orientation of The Nation any louder than it already does. This letter is written in the form of an open letter from Michael Moore to President Bush. The letter bluntly accuses Bush and his administration of being completely wrapped up in the Enron scandal not just involved in the scandal. It even goes so far as to say Bush allowed Enron officials to interview and pick government officials that would influence Enron and its business affairs. When reading a political news source it is important to know the political orientation of the source. The political orientation of a publication can usually be determined through examination of the opinions incorporated into the editorials and comments published. In the case of The Nation, the vast majority of articles presented offer a liberal view of the issue being discussed.

Humor in Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay

Historical records from the late sixteenth century are marked by the severe outcomes of the plague, which spread throughout most of Europe. The increased death rate and famine suppressed cultural development and thus very few works of art or literature were produced. During these devastating years, the young poet William Shakespeare refused to travel to the provinces, away from London, where the plague had reached enormous extents. On the contrary, in 1593 and 1594 he composed the poems Venus and Adonis and Lucrece which were both met by great interest and excitement. These positive responses encouraged Shakespeare and with even stronger efforts he wrote the play A Midsummer Night’s Dream in the beginning of 1595, when the plague was brought under control. This work not only marks the end of famine and suffering in London during the late sixteenth century, but also signifies that the Master is now â€Å"confident in his art, at ease with it, as a man in his dressing-gown†. Categorized as a festive comedy, A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a considerable advance in Shakespeare’s work. The most remarkable evidence for this advance is the skilful usage of different variations of humor in one play. Another distinctive aspect of the work is the incorporation of another play within the borders of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Analysis of different characteristics of the work should inevitably focus on the story of the craftsmen performing â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe†, since this part is a representative of Shakespearean comedy and all of its patterns. Therefore, it also portrays the impressionable usage of humor, or more specifically, of literary devices and social characteristics, not only in A Midsummer Night’s Dream but also throughout all Shakespearean comedies. The poet’s works can be roughly categorized in four categories: tragedies, comedies, histories, and romance. All of them are having separate characteristics, tone and style, involving different literary devices and mechanisms. Comedies are usually stories with happy ending, lighthearted patterns and often involving a marriage. They all have a distinct usage of humor, which can be defined as innovative and typically Shakespearean. The plays usually present the struggle of young lovers who have to get over many obstacles in pursue of their feelings and often involve mistaken identities,  separation and unification, heightened tensions within a family, and multiple plots. One very significant trait of the poet’s comedies is that they do not involve any satire, which makes them more lighthearted and easy to process. The common setting of the plots tends to be nature, more specifically the â€Å"green world†. This is one of Shakespeare’s preferred cites since it creates a more casual atmosphere, where jokes and puns easily find their way to the public, unbound by the social norms present the city. Another significance of the setting is the current time period, which constitutes the pattern of the society, its expectations and rules, and its literacy. The poet carefully takes advantage of the prejudices and the ideologies of the public and hence makes his comedies very contemporary, discussing topics that are relevant to the time period. Shakespearean comedies imply the participation of the audience and therefore they are dependent on people’s way of viewing life and way of expression. A play performed during the period of its setting would be far more funny and entertaining than the same play performed nowadays because of the evolved human way of thinking. Nonetheless, Shakespearean comedies contain certain literal devices creating humor, which function in the same way now, as four centuries ago. The story of the amateur and awkward actors in A Midsummer Night’s Dream contains a great deal of those devices, which make it independent upon the public, still involving it in its plot. One of those devices is the use of prose throughout the play within Shakespeare’s work. The poet removes the whole rhyme pattern in order to emphasize the puns and jokes in the course of the plot. When the actors are talking in a plain manner the humor is more easily transferred to the public, since they do not have to perceive the rhyming. Furthermore, the prose contributes to the image of the craftsmen. Their illiteracy and simple-mindedness can be identified easily through their way of expression. The artisans speak in a simple manner, corresponding to their social class standing. Although they are striving to use a more sophisticated language, they mix up grammar and spelling in a very comic way: â€Å"Have you the lion’s part written? Pray you, if it be, give it me; for I am slow of study†. The usage of prose in the play also creates plain humor, which does not need to be interpreted in any way. This is simple poetic device that creates comedy, which is equally funny now and four centuries ago. Sentences as â€Å"I will undertake it† bring about the same reaction of the public regardless of the time period. This mechanism may be the most frequently used one in the part with the artisans, but probably the most efficient device is the word play, created through the misspellings and wrong pronunciations of the craftsmen. Shakespeare takes advantage of the sound similarities between words with completely different meanings and adds the alternatives to the mechanicals’ speech. In their efforts to sound more sophisticated, the artisans mix up words as â€Å"obscenely†(Shakespeare, 68), â€Å"parlous† (Shakespeare 87), â€Å"disfigure† (Shakespeare 88), â€Å"savours, odours† (Shakespeare 89), â€Å"translated† (Shakespeare 91), â€Å"presently† and so forth. Those confusions create different connotations and meanings, thus entertaining the audience. For example, Bottom misuses obscenely, meaning seemly, or more precisely, â€Å"fitly†; instead of â€Å"parlous† Snout should have said â€Å"perilous†, and Bottom completely mixes â€Å"odours, savours, odorous†. All these mistakes build a very efficient humor mechanism that Shakespeare uses in most of his comedies. Another effective literary device that Shakespeare had mastered is the mix of short and long sentences, presenting the interrupted lines of thought of the artisans, their inability to express themselves and their lack of education. It also contributes to the authentic tone of their natural conversation: â€Å"A calendar, a calendar! Look in the almanac – find out moonshine, find out moonshine† (Shakespeare 69). Bottom’s excitement disables him to form complete and meaningful sentences; he wants to express himself as fast as he can, regardless of the way of expression. The frequent usage of â€Å"and†, instead of â€Å"if†, in the beginning of the sentences, shows that the artisans’ thoughts and ideas are flowing during the course of their speech: â€Å"Thus hath he lost sixpence a day during his life: he could not have ‘scaped sixpence a day. And the Duke had not given him sixpence a day for playing Pyramus, I’ll be hanged† (Shakespeare 122). The obvious repetition here also signifies the awkwardness and narrow-mindedness of the mechanicals. Their personalities are also involved in the creation of the remarkable comedy. Except for their illiteracy, simple and narrow mindedness and their awkwardness, the artisans have more traits that build their image of comic characters. Nick Bottom, for example, is a overconfident weaver, who is the central figure in the plot of the story. He has an incredible belief in his abilities and skills and pretends to  dominate over the other mechanicals. Bottom does not accept the fact that he is illiterate and therefore his confused words make him sound ridiculous. He loves to exaggerate and over-dramatize, praising his own self-esteem. The weaver does not realize that the others are not taking him seriously and is not aware of his foolishness. His image may seem absurd and worthy of pity, but it also gains the public’s attention and sympathy. In this way the audience is in the same time laughing at his words and perceiving them as something honest and simple. Bottom is always ready to undertake anything that would make him important. From the play it can be derived that he developed a complex of inferiority, which, nonetheless, does not seem dispiriting but comic. When Peter Quince is giving out the roles for â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† Bottom is repeatedly showing his will to act for everyone. After every single role is announced, he is awkwardly trying to portray himself as the most appropriate actor for it: â€Å"That will ask some tears in the true performing of it. If I do it, let the audience look to their eyes: I will move storms, I will condole, in some measure. †( Shakespeare 65). There is an interesting comic reference here to one of the main themes of the play, the use of one’s eyes in love. This is evidence that the story of the amateur actors is representative of the whole play and the humor used is relevant to the main course of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Finally, Bottom is assigned the role of Pyramus, who is â€Å"a lover that kills himself, most gallant, for love†. There is an obvious contradiction between the images of the mechanical and Pyramus, which adds funny absurdity to the comedy. â€Å"Gallant† is probably the least appropriate description of the tall and clumsy craftsman. Bottom’s confidence often diminishes the role of Peter Quince, another character that entertains the public through his speech and attitude toward the future performance. He is an ordinary carpenter who is not experienced in anything else than his craft. He tries to be the leader of the group that is attempting to put together the play â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe†. Even though his directions are respected, they usually meet the disapproval of the other artisans. Peter Quince takes advantage of the short-mindedness of his fellows and comes up with irrational justifications of his decisions, which, nonetheless, seem true to the craftsmen: â€Å"That’s all one: you shall play it in a mask, and you may speak as small as you will. † (66 Shakespeare); â€Å"You can play no part but Pyramus; for Pyramus is a sweet-faced man, a proper man as one shall se in a summer’s day, a most lovely, gentlemanlike man† (68 Shakespeare). This is how Peter Quince succeeds in convincing Bottom that he is perfect for the role of Pyramus – using his high self- esteem and need to be granted recognition. Peter Quince further contributes to the comedy by selecting Francis Flute, a bellows-mender, for the role of Thisbe. Even before the actual performance, the audience imagines how the ordinary craftsman is speaking in a â€Å"small† voice, wearing a mask which is supposed to hide his beard. Flute’s determination to overcome his sense of masculinity, which is ridiculed in the play, is a remarkable sacrifice for the success of the performance. His extreme readiness fascinates the public and presents the seriousness of the artisans. Also from this scene it can be derived that the craftsmen are putting all their efforts into the performance. Robin Starveling, first chosen to play Thisbe’s mother, readily accepts his role, which would make him more than an ordinary tailor. Later on in the play, he is assigned the role of the moonshine, which does not discourage him. The same comic enthusiasm is also shared by Tom Snout, the thinker who is chosen to play Pyramus’s father but later on receives the role of the wall separating Pyramus and Thisbe. Together with Snug, the joiner chosen to play a lion, they both feel they have significant parts in the performance, and every one of them is concerned about his role. For instance, Snug is worried that his roaring may frighten the ladies in the audience. He is determined that his acting will convince the public that he is a real lion and the other craftsmen agree with him. Their funny concerns are followed by even more comic solutions – there will be a Prologue who will reveal the true personalities of the craftsmen before the performance, and Snug will show a part of his face to comfort the ladies in the audience. In this way the suspense of the whole performance will be ruined, but the artisans are afraid that their acting skills may be too sophisticated. The craftsmen’s low level of education, short and narrow mindedness and awkward speech play a great role in the development of the comedy. They are all ordinary characters, from the low working class who have one and the same goal – to achieve something remarkable and worthy of respect. Despite their comic lack of sophistication, they succeed in entertaining the audience in another, more original and funny way. The play of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† is a tragedy but their performance can be more precisely defined as a tragic comedy. The actual performance is played during the celebrations of Theseus’s marriage and even though it is inappropriate for such occasion, it turns out to be successful. In the beginning the audience is confused by the strange and amateur acting, but finally the craftsmen appear to be the culmination of the whole festival. The performance is welcomed by a â€Å"flourish of trumpets†, which are very inappropriate for the following fiasco. There is a distinct comic contrast between the flourish of the trumpets, usually meant to signify a glamorous work, and the impressions following the play. Peter Quince, taken the role of the Prologue, confidently steps onto the scene and starts reading from the scroll, unintentionally changing its meaning by mistaking its punctuation: â€Å"That you should think, we come not to offend, but with good will. To show our simple skill, that is the true beginning of our end. † Although this seems funny to the reader, the audience in the play is first confused by the illiteracy of the Prologue: This fellow doth not stand upon points† (Shakespeare 129), meaning that he is not â€Å"punctilious†. At first, Theseus is embarrassed by the awkward performance of Quince and wonders if there is a reason for his mistakes. Without being worried about his weak performance, the determined craftsman continues his important speech, full of comic sentences, as â€Å"he bravely breached his boiling bloody breast†. The true meaning of â€Å"breached† is actually stabbed but Shakespeare uses this word to create a comic alliteration. After the Prologue has reassured the audience, the reader encounters another comic effect of the play – the characteristics of the Wall, played by Snout. It is intentionally described as alive and moving: â€Å"Wall parts its fingers† (Shakespeare 130). The Wall is personified which makes the whole performance even more ridiculous and funny. As the other craftsmen, Snug also wants to be noticed in the performance and thus overacts, making his role more than absurd. Robin Starveling and Snug, acting as the moonshine and the lion, also take their parts more seriously than they should have and contribute to the comic tragedy that the play â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† eventually becomes. The audience, although confused by the whole performance, is entertained and the efforts of the craftsmen are justified. They reached their goal of producing something for which they will be acknowledge and respected, even though their intentions were not fulfilled. The story of the artisans performing the play â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† contains plenty of humor devices and comic scenes, which make it representative of Shakespearean comedies in many ways. First of all the small play represents the struggle of young lovers to overcome the difficulties set by the circumstances in pursue of their feelings, which is a typical theme for a tragedy, but after the performance it is also associated with humor and comedy. Furthermore, the amateur actors represent the illiteracy of the low class. Shakespeare recognizes the importance of this widespread for the particular time period problem, but in the same time he portrays the comic part of it and praises the artisans’ strive to achieve something meaningful. By his usage of humor he is not criticizing the artisans; he rather justifies their difficulties with grammar and expression in general. The play â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† is not a lyrical digression from the main topic of A Midsummer Night’s Dream. It presents another outcome of the situation with the lovers, more undesirable and lacking a happy end. Shakespeare produces a play within the play to further entertain the audience and show the comedic character of his work. Another interpretation of the story of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† may be the initial intention of Shakespeare to write a tragedy, not a comedy. By the time he writes A Midsummer Nights Dream, he has mastered to an extent the tragic genre, and feels more comfortable producing such pieces of literature. The occasion though, a marriage celebration, requires from him to create a rather entertaining work. Maybe through the incorporation of the small play, Shakespeare implies that his original idea was to create another tragedy. He does not allow the audience to feel the tragic nature of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† by using a great deal of humor in it. Even though Shakespeare produces A Midsummer Night’s Dream in a period of time when people are not concerned about art and literature, but about their survival, the play has great success ever since then. The conventional humor used to portray the lovers’ struggles seems untouched by time and the evolving human way of thinking. Four centuries after it was written, the work still fascinates with its characteristics and mechanisms. Comedies are generally a very hard genre because what is funny today may not be funny at all tomorrow. Despite that fact, Shakespeare’s genius manages to create a universal humor, using comical devices that are still interesting and entertaining. By those devices he creates a parallel world where time is a relative term and where humor and laughter are the driving forces – world where people are entertained in spite of the social norms and rules. Bibliography Biscay, Matt. â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream: A Comedy. † Skyminds. net. 2006. Skyminds. net. 08 Nov 2006 . Mahony, Simon. â€Å"Simon Mahony Academic Stuff. † Pyramus and Thisbe in Shakespeare and Ovid. 2002. King’s College London. 5 Nov 2006 . McFarland, Thomas. Shakespeare’s Pastoral Comedy. North Carolina, USA: The University of North Carolina Press, 1972. Parrot, Thomas. Shakespearean Comedy. New York, USA: Russel & Russel, 1962. Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. 2003. Editor: Brian Gibbons. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Teague, Francis. Acting Funny: Comic Thoery and Practice in Shakespeare’s Plays. London: Associated University Presses, 1994.

Provoking Uncommon breakthrough

Introduction Everyone at some point in their lives have that one thing that bothers them so deeply that they would only wish they happen by magic. There are uncommon problems that have limited many from advancing to a higher level where God wants us to be. It is God's will and desire that His children are blessed beyond measure, Irrespective of our color, background and beliefs. If not so, why does God allow the sun to shine on the good and on the evil?God truly desires that we should be blessed In all works of fife, in marriage: He desires that we are fruitful, in business and career He desires that we expand and break out from the North to the South, East and west, in Ministry; He desires that we reach out to millions of souls and depopulate hell, etc. Why then is it almost impossible and difficult for many to attain the height that God wants them In? Breakthrough Is quite easy to understand, It is an act of breaking through and obstacle.For a great door and effectual Is opened unt o me, and there are many adversaries – 1 Corinthians 1619 Abraham was in a predicament that many would eve considered shameful, he was mocked, he was questioned, he was cheated, he was manipulated, and he was threatened. Though he had all things, but he had no child of His own. He needed an uncommon breakthrough for that uncommon problem. The predicament of Abraham and his wife Sarah was such that everything around them proved Impossible that even Sarah lost hope. She was no longer Like other women. I bet she no longer saw her period. He had lost the fire In ever young woman, she had lost the passion to meet with her husband, she was completely hopeless. Uncommon problems need uncommon breakthrough that can only be rough about by the hand of God. If you need the hand of God to move on your behalf today, there are certain steps to take. Tonight, Ill be pointing out three steps that have worked in the bible, In my life and will forever deliver to you If you believes things were written In the scriptures long ago to teach us. And the scriptures give us hope and encouragement as we wait patiently for God's promises to be fulfilled.Whatever must deliver, has already delivered for someone in the time past, only follow the same steps and you'll command the same result. 1. SACRIFICIAL GIVING Isaiah 51:1 â€Å"Listen to me, all who hope for deliverance?all who seek the LORDS Consider the rock from which you were cut, the quarry from which you were mined. Yes, think about Abraham, your ancestor, and Sarah, who gave birth to your nation. Abraham was only one man when I called him. But when I blessed him, he became a great nation. † (NIL) Look to Abraham, what was it that Abraham did that brought about the uncommon breakthrough?Remember, he was promised by God he would have a child, when the father, son and Holy Spirit, did not come for that purpose, they were on their way to esters Stood†¦.. Abraham saw them, he could have ignored them, even though he knew who they were but he chose to welcome them and offered hospitality†¦.. Abraham gave from his Abraham did not Just say, well God promised me that I'll have a child, so I do not have to labor for it. The earth belongs to the Lord, etc he does not need my offering†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Abraham, gave voluntarily. I want this blessing so I must give. I have to let something leave to create room for something tangible to come in.Proverbs 18:16 A man's gift make room for him, and bringing him before great men†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Share your green card story†¦. Never get tire of giving sacrificially, you may have been giving, don't worry how that can provoke God to action Why sacrificial giving does not produce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Sow on a fertile ground, give to vessels that God knows and relates with. If giving, sacrificial giving that is, brings about uncommon breakthrough, why have my savings not yielded any fruit? When a farmer sows a seed on an infertile soil, not only will the seed die, b ut the farmer will have nothing to harvest.If the farmer sows a bad seed, it will be impossible to reap a good seed. If the ground is not well prepared, the outcome may come out deformed. So also is giving, Don't Just sow a seed because you want something to leave your hand†¦.. A little boy of about 2-3 years old, gave a seed that turned his health around. (Tell Chiders story). 2 Kings 3:17-18; 26-27 Sacrificial giving can turn the hand of God around instantly. God looks at the heart of the giver. He saw that Abraham gave from all he had, He could not have left without blessing His household. ————Fertile ground for example, ————-The poor in the land (Duet. 15:11) †¦.. Servants of God Kings 4 – Allies, because of hospitality, the equanimities son was brought back to life. What is that hopeless case in your life, I charge you tonight to go out there and do someone a huge blessing. I charge you to locate someone i n dire need and bless them sacrificially. I charge you to surprise someone with a gift. Don't bring me a gift because you desire to have me in your bed, or you desire a favor from the leader or you desire a rich message from prophet Moses or Keen.