Macbeth and the Tragedy Element free essay sample

An analysis of Shakespeares Macbeth and how it differs from other Shakespearean tragedies. Macbeth is one of Shakespeares most well-known tragedies. This paper highlights the difference of this play to some of his other famous plays. The play is very short compared to other plays. Shakespeare uses the play to mimic contemporary issues that were of concern in his time. But unlike some Shakespearean plays, Macbeth is a hero and also a villain. This paper takes a look at these issues. Macbeth is based on the life of the king of Scotland. Macbeth was the governor of Moray and killed a man named Duncan in 1040 in a fight. Macbeth was probably of royal blood. Macbeths wife was a royal she was the granddaughter of Kenneth III. Kenneth III was overthrown by one of Duncans ancestors. Macbeth was eventually defeated in 1054. A man named Malcom killed Macbeth in a fight and sat on the throne as Macolm III. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth and the Tragedy Element or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has been said that Shakespeare probably adapted the story from versions told by Raphael Holinshed and Hector Boece (Macbeth).

Free Essays on Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), was first passed in 1975. Congress found that most handicapped children were not receiving an appropriate education. Believe it or not millions of children were excluded from school completely. This law was needed to assure that children with disabilities would receive free appropriate public Education (FAPE). These children were also in need of support services to help them learn and achieve their goals. Once IDEA was put into effect they had to come up with a way to properly disciple these children with special needs. In the IDEA reauthorization of 1997, Congress recognized that in certain instances school districts need to be more flexible with special educations students when dealing with discipline issues. A special needs child like any other can be suspended from school for their wrong doing. However, as of 1997, the laws stated that a child with disabilities can not be suspended from school without educational services for more than 10 consecutive days. This means that when a child is suspended they must be moved to an alternative setting which provides educational services, therapy, or anything stated under their individual IEP plan. If a child commits a larger crime they are allowed to be suspended for no longer than 45 days. All educational services must still be available to the child. The main reasons for a child with special needs being removed from their school setting for long periods of time would be due to bringing in dangerous weapons or guns or intentionally bringing, selling, or doing drugs at school or on school property. In this case the student is usually moved to an alternative setting for up to 45 days. Changing the setting of the child can be a decision made from the IEP team, without the authority of a Hearing Officer. Although, for a longer removal in placement as in ... Free Essays on Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Free Essays on Individuals with Disabilities Education Act The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which is now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), was first passed in 1975. Congress found that most handicapped children were not receiving an appropriate education. Believe it or not millions of children were excluded from school completely. This law was needed to assure that children with disabilities would receive free appropriate public Education (FAPE). These children were also in need of support services to help them learn and achieve their goals. Once IDEA was put into effect they had to come up with a way to properly disciple these children with special needs. In the IDEA reauthorization of 1997, Congress recognized that in certain instances school districts need to be more flexible with special educations students when dealing with discipline issues. A special needs child like any other can be suspended from school for their wrong doing. However, as of 1997, the laws stated that a child with disabilities can not be suspended from school without educational services for more than 10 consecutive days. This means that when a child is suspended they must be moved to an alternative setting which provides educational services, therapy, or anything stated under their individual IEP plan. If a child commits a larger crime they are allowed to be suspended for no longer than 45 days. All educational services must still be available to the child. The main reasons for a child with special needs being removed from their school setting for long periods of time would be due to bringing in dangerous weapons or guns or intentionally bringing, selling, or doing drugs at school or on school property. In this case the student is usually moved to an alternative setting for up to 45 days. Changing the setting of the child can be a decision made from the IEP team, without the authority of a Hearing Officer. Although, for a longer removal in placement as in ...

A History of the German Revolution of 1918 19

A History of the German Revolution of 1918 19 In 1918 – 19 Imperial Germany experienced a socialist-heavy revolution that, despite some surprising events and even a small socialist republic, would bring a democratic government. The Kaiser was rejected and a new parliament based at Weimar took over. However, Weimar ultimately failed and the question of whether the seeds of that failure began in the revolution if 1918-19 has never been decisively answered. Germany Fractures in World War One Like the other countries of Europe, much of Germany went into World War One believing it would be a short war and a decisive victory for them. But when the western front ground to a stalemate and the eastern front proved no more promising, Germany realized it had entered into a prolonged process it was poorly prepared for. The country began to take the necessary measures to support the war, including mobilizing an enlarged workforce, dedicating more manufacturing to arms and other military supplies, and taking strategic decisions they hoped would give them an advantage. The war went on through the years, and Germany found itself increasingly stretched, so much so it began to fracture. Militarily, the army stayed an effective fighting force until 1918, and widespread disillusion and failures stemming from morale only crept in towards the end, although there were some earlier revolts. But before this, the steps taken in Germany to do everything for the military saw the ‘home front’ experience problems, and there was a marked change in morale from early 1917 onward, with strikes at one point numbering a million workers. Civilians were experiencing food shortages, exacerbated by the failure of the potato crop over the 1916-17 winter. There were also fuel shortages, and deaths from hunger and cold more than doubled over the same winter; flu was widespread and lethal. Infant mortality was also growing considerably, and when this was coupled with the families of the two million dead soldiers and the many millions wounded, you had a populace th at was suffering. In addition, while working days grew longer, inflation was making goods ever more expensive, and ever more unaffordable. The economy was on the verge of collapsing. The discontent among German civilians was not limited to either the working or middle classes, as both felt an increasing hostility to the government. Industrialists were also a popular target, with people convinced they were making millions from the war effort while everyone else suffered. As the war went deep into 1918, and the German offensives failed, the German nation seemed to be on the verge of splitting, even with the enemy still not on German soil. There was pressure from the government, from campaign groups and others to reform a government system that seemed to be failing. Ludendorff sets the Time Bomb Imperial Germany was supposed to be run by the Kaiser, Wilhelm II, aided by a Chancellor. However, over the final years of the war, two military commanders had taken control of Germany: Hindenburg and Ludendorff. By mid-1918 Ludendorff, the man with the practical control suffered both a mental breakdown and a long-feared realization: Germany was going to lose the war. He also knew that if the allies invaded Germany it would have a peace forced on it, and so he took actions which he hoped would bring a gentler peace deal under Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points: he asked for the German Imperial autocracy to be transformed into a constitutional monarchy, keeping the Kaiser but bringing in a new level of effective government. Ludendorff had three reasons for doing this. He believed the democratic governments of Britain, France, and the United States would be more willing to work with a constitutional monarchy than the Kaiserriech, and he believed that the change would head off the social revolt he feared the war’s failure would trigger as blame and anger were redirected. He saw the neutered parliament’s calls for change and feared what they would bring if left unmanaged. But Ludendorff had a third goal, a far more pernicious and costly one. Ludendorff didn’t want the army to take the blame for the war’s failure, nor did he want his high-powered allies to do so either. No, what Ludendorff wanted was to create this new civilian government and make them surrender, to negotiate the peace, so they would be blamed by the German people and the army would still be respected. Unfortunately for Europe in the mid-twentieth century, Ludendorff was entirely successful, starting the myth tha t Germany had been ‘stabbed in the back’, and helping the fall of Weimer and the rise of Hitler. Revolution from Above A strong Red Cross supporter, Prince Max of Baden became chancellor of Germany in October 1918, and Germany restructured its government: for the first time the Kaiser and the Chancellor were made answerable to the parliament, the Reichstag: the Kaiser lost command of the military, and the Chancellor had to explain himself, not to the Kaiser, but parliament. As Ludendorff hoped, this civilian government was negotiating an end to the war. Germany Revolts However, as the news spread across Germany that the war was lost, shock set in, then the anger Ludendorff and others had feared. So many had suffered so much and been told they were so close to victory that many weren’t satisfied with the new system of government. Germany would move swiftly into revolution. Sailors at a naval base near Kiel rebelled on October 29, 1918, and as the government lost control of the situation other major naval bases and ports also fell to revolutionaries. The sailors were angry at what was happening and were trying to prevent the suicide attack some naval commanders had ordered to try and recover some honor. News of these revolts spread, and everywhere it went soldiers, sailors and workers joined them in rebelling. Many set up special, soviet style councils to organize themselves, and Bavaria actually expelled their fossil King Ludwig III and Kurt Eisner declared it a socialist republic. The October reforms were soon being rejected as not enough, both by the revolutionaries and the old order who needed a way to manage events. Max Baden hadn’t wanted to expel the Kaiser and family from the throne, but given that the latter was reluctant to make any other reforms, Baden had no choice, and so it was decided that the Kaiser would be replaced by a left-wing government led by Friedrich Ebert. But the situation at the heart of government was chaos, and first a member of this government - Philipp  Scheidemann – declared that Germany was a republic, and then another called it a Soviet Republic. The Kaiser, already in Belgium, decided to accept military advice that his throne was gone, and he exiled himself to Holland. The Empire was over. Left Wing Germany in Fragments Ebert and Government At the end of 1918, the government looked like it was falling apart, as the SPD was moving from the left to the right in an ever more desperate attempt to gather support, while the USPD pulled out to focus on more extreme reform. The Spartacists Revolt Bolsheviks The Results: The National Constituent Assembly Thanks to Ebert’s leadership and the quelling of extreme socialism, Germany in 1919 was led by a government which had changed at the very top – from an autocracy to a republic – but in which key structures like land ownership, industry and other businesses, the church, the military and the civil service, remained pretty much the same. There was great continuity and not the socialist reforms that the country seemed in a position to carry through, but neither had there been large-scale bloodshed. Ultimately, it can be argued that the revolution in Germany was a lost opportunity for the left, a revolution that lost its way, and that socialism lost a chance to restructure before Germany and the conservative right grew ever more able to dominate. Revolution? Although it is common to refer to these events as a revolution, some historians dislike the term, viewing the 1918-19 as either a partial / failed revolution, or an evolution from the Kaiserreich, which might have taken place gradually if World War One had never occurred. Many Germans who lived through it also thought it was only half a revolution, because while the Kaiser had gone, the socialist state they had wanted was also absent, with the leading socialist party heading up a middle ground. For the next few years, left-wing groups would attempt to push the ‘revolution’ further, but all failed. In doing so, the center allowed the right to remain to crush the left.

Research and critically evaluate the context of addiction, Essay

Research and critically evaluate the context of addiction, (multi)generational trauma, and social determinants of health in rela - Essay Example Many theories have been put forth to explain the context of addiction, but only a few have linked the individual experiences and relationships in the society to the context of addiction. This paper will address how family life, social structures, and other socio-economic factors contribute to substance abuse resulting in addiction. More specifically, the paper will analyze how an individual’s experiencein early childhood as well as multi-generational trauma contribute to the development of addiction. First Nation’s People in Canada The First Nations people are the aboriginal groups in Canada such as Inuit and Metis that suffered acculturation, after the Europeans imposed a new culture, replacing the people’s traditional culture. This occurred via compulsion, with the people losing their cultural identity. These communities exhibit a form of social disability that has defined the society since the acculturation. These communities have lagged behind the rest of Can ada, aw exhibited by the socio-economic factors of the society (Satzewich & Wotherspoon, 2002). Substance Use and Addiction among First Nation’s People As described above, the socio-economic factors of these communities exhibit the need for intervention. ... The Inuit community experiences a high prevalence of substance abuse with the most commonly used substances being cocaine, marijuana, and solvents. Among the Nunavik, cannabis is the leading drug abused by the people (Satzewich & Wotherspoon, 2002). Males form the high population of the people using substances, although this does not exclude women, who also report a high level of substance use. In addition, smoking is very prevalent among the First Nation’s people, with pregnant women indulging in the habit posing serious health risks to the child. Other statistics indicate that two thirds of the population indulges in smoking compared to lesser statistics in the rest of the Canadian society. Previous understanding of addiction Many researchers have attributed addiction, which is the term used to denote the compulsive urge to use drugs to the molecular structure of the substances used. For example, nicotine in tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol contain certain compounds that trigger addiction. Many studies have been carried out with the aim of demonstrating how the molecular structure of these substances has contributed to addiction (Dube et al, 2002). Many of the other theories surround the availability of drugs in the society as well as peer pressure. Only a few studies have sought to establish the roots of substance abuse. As the sections below will indicate, the cause of addiction may lie deeper into the societal make-up and the experience of individuals in the society. Causes of adverse Childhood Experiences and Multigenerational Trauma This is kind of trauma that transcends different generations, emanating from the family or

I need a summary for those 3 articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I need a summary for those 3 articles - Essay Example Meanwhile the Quakers also made a minimal contribution to the college movement. In later times, Methodist and Baptist started establishing colleges which was a resort to middle class society of America. The American colleges soon became a medium of social investment. The American colleges gave birth to a concept of ‘self taught and self made man’ .By the end of 19th century, American colleges also propagated that a man should not spend more than half of his time on studies. An English men visiting American definitely found a very motivated young men and students who could serve the country at the best in the future. The American universities are in hard situation as to make choices in protecting the academic value and there were no political body taking leadership for it. Some universities prefer quality and want to preserve it and proved that they have brain as well as body.Some universities wants to improve the quality of citizen ship and ethical conduct of students .Few universities which maintained their integrity and marveled were Harvard, Stanford, Cornell, Yale, MTI,Brown, Berkeley and Michigan.Accomodating large number of students always been the problem faced by many universities.As economic growth is the responsibility of the Federal government , they are supposed to give subsidies to the graduates to increase productivity. The two areas which offer opportunity in America is education and healthsector.Higher education is becoming business minded where as they should be interested in producing good citizens with creative talent and productivity.Universties and society is interrelated and universities need to utilize full resources to upgrade the students and their utility to the society. Magnet schools which introduced in America in 20th century, gained popularity in 1970s as they promoted racial diversity and improved scholarship opportunities and catered to individual needs and interests of students.

American football positions Essay Example for Free

American football positions Essay Play design is two fold 1. To get to the outside and take advantage of our TB’s speed. 2. To create vertical seams so that we can take advantage of over pursuing defenders Oline Frontside- Reach Overtake Rules O-line Backside- Cut backside Defensive tackle Playside receivers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦GOTTA MAN UP AND GET PHYSICAL HERE!!!! QBOpen at 4 or 8 o’clock and find the running back. Once you have handed off the ball Boot away from the play (Right) and carry out your â€Å"Winter†. Get on your horse to handoff the ball. TB is NOT waiting for you. LTStretch Rules LGStretch Rules CStretch Rules RGStretch Rules RTStretch Rules WPearl Route XWheel route YMan block. ZMan block FbMotion up to the line and block the Sam linebacker. If he is inside the box then go get him. TBLine up 7-8 yards from the line of scrimmage (in Pistol) or 2 yards behind the QB and directly behind the guard (in Gun). ONCE THE QB HAS THE BALL open up and aim 5 yards outside the play side tackle. Your read is the last man on the line. If the Tackle has him sealed then stay on your track to the outside, if we don’t have the edge cut it upfield RIGHT AWAY!!!! Coaching Points JESUS=CROSS Play designed to get our X receiver lost in coverage. Play also allows for us to take a shot if we have a coverage mismatch on the outside. QBAlthough this is our 30 series so it’s a quick 5 step drop. In any man coverage we are looking for the X receiver as he clears the tackle. In cover three (Cut and Hold) we are looking for the Y receiver who is hooking up in the zone. LTSlide Pro LGSlide Pro CSlide Pro RGSlide Pro RTSlide Pro WGo route. Get inside position and get upfield. Get on your horse as you are an option on this play. XDrag at 4 yards. If there is a linebacker in your track go underneath him. Make sure that you are going underneath both the FB and Y receiver. You should almost brush by them as you pass them. YRun a drag at 5 yards and once you get on top of the tackle, turn it into a hook. (you are setting the last â€Å"pick† for the X receiver coming across the formation) Don’t make the pick look deliberate, just turn and look for the ball forcing the defender to go around you. ZGo route. Get outside position and get upfield. Get on your horse as you are either getting the ball deep, or clearing out that area for the X receiver. FbMotion into the line and run a drag at 5 yards. You should look to brush by the X receiver as you pass by ONTOP of him. RbEarly Motion. Set up behind inside leg of tackle, and cover up that gap. If no one comes release to the flats. Coaching Points (H)awaii-Hooks QB’s know where you are going with the ball pre snap, and throw the ball on time on your third step QBPresnap read: FS for cover zero, and Man or Zone off motion. Cover 1 we are looking backside (W) . Cover zero we are looking to Go route (X). Cover 3 Hold and Cut we are looking for the Y receiver. If there is a blitz or interior pressure from a blitz we are checking down to FB. LTSlide Pro LGSlide Pro CSlide Pro RGSlide Pro RTSlide Pro WHook breaking 7 yards back to 5. Get inside position on your DB and attack the ball when its in the air. XGo route. In cover zero look for the ball as soon as you have cleared your defender. Get inside position on your defender ASAP. YGet inside position on your defender and Hook at 10 yards, work back to 7 yards. Break and come back to the QbDont wait for the ball to come to you, go get the ball ZGet inside position on your defender and Hook at 7 yards, work back to 5 yards. Break and come back to the Qb Dont wait for the ball to come to you, go get the ball FbDrag at 3-5 yards. RbEarly Motion. Set up behind between backside tackle and guard. You are responsible for anything that comes through this gap.

Voices from Vietnam :: essays research papers

This reader’s rating for this book is average. It is a very well written book but it may not appeal to some people. If the reader was familiar with the war then this would be a wonderful book to read. This reader thought it was interesting but not as enthralling as it should be. The book was mainly made out of quotes or dialogue from the men in the war. This was a very different way of writing but it was interesting. Many of the veterans had interesting stories to tell and how it felt like to be in the war. Overall it was a book to consider if you’re into war stories. The things this reader likes about this book is that it was interesting in the fact that it had real stories from real veterans in the war. Some of the stories were explained in gruesome detail in which this reader thought was very disturbing. It is disgusting to know what happened to some of the Vietnamese and veterans during that war. What this reader also liked was how they explained the war while showing the opinions of some of the veterans. The least thing this reader liked about this book was that it didn’t keep you on the edge. Even though this was a war story it didn’t captivate me as much as I would have wanted it to. It became boring at parts when they explained how the war started and how the Chinese were trying to take control of Vietnam. What the author should have done was explain the war with minimum detail and have many comments from the people who were actually involved in it. In this reader’s opinion this book should be good for older people. Older people would understand the meaning of the war better and how it started. Also older people would probably find it interesting and actually want to read into it. Since older people have most likely lived during the Vietnam War they would appreciate this book much more than a teenager would. Voices from Vietnam is not even close to simple. With the exception of the dialogue the words used in the book were a little advanced for a teenager. This reader didn’t enjoy much of the book because of this reason. The book is also quite long since it explains the war and contains comments from the veterans.

Influences on Human Nature Essay

Human nature is the central characteristics, including the ways of thinking, acting, and reacting that are shared by most or all human beings, and which humans display naturally. Each one of us is a unique being and various facets of human nature determine our individual personalities. The question posed by personality theorists is, what factors influence the development of our personalities? Simply stated, how did we become who we are? Who we are is not determined by any one characteristic or concept of human nature, but by combination of influences. Is human nature determined by our own free will or is it pre-determined by our past experiences and forces which we have no control? Are we dominated by our inherited nature and genetic composition or the nurturing environment of our background and education? Are we dependent or independent of our past? Is human nature unique or universal? Are our life goals motivated by the simple satisfaction of physical needs, or are we driven by a deeper need for growth and progress? Is man kind’s outlook one of optimism or pessimism? Do humans develop relationally or individually? Questions about human nature focus on these central issues and theorists attempt to answer this question, while defining their image of human nature. Free Will versus Determinism The ability to make choices unrestricted by certain factors is called free will. In contrast to free will, determinism dictates that there are forces over which we have no control. These forces externally shape our personality and that each event is determined by preceding events. How can we have free will if everything is determined for us? On the other hand, if everything is determined, how can we have free will? Free will and determinism are companions and you cannot have one without the other. We need to feel that our will is free and not determined for us. We need to be able to assign responsibility, bestow blame and praise, and allocate punishments and rewards. If we do not have free will, are we then not responsible for the choices we make? If we are not responsible for our actions, then we should not be punished when our behavior justifies it. The decisions we make, and the emotional reactions we feel, about the choices we make, are a learning process. When we make a choice, we learn from the outcome. The next time we are in the position to make a similar choice, we draw on our experiences and either choose similarly, or differently, depending on our previous outcome. In this sense, it can be said that determinism is a strong factor. The choice made is determined by the outcome of previous decisions. We cannot learn to choose more wisely, unless we can recognize a particularly good or bad choice. Gordon Allport held a balanced position on the free will versus determinism debate. Allport bestowed free choice in our considerations about our future. However, Allport also recognized that some behaviors are determined by personality traits and personal dispositions. Once the behaviors are formed, they are difficult to modify (p. 203). Inherited Nature versus Nurturing Environment For the purpose of the nature versus nurture debate, nature is defined as inherited traits and attributes. Nurture is the characteristics of our environment (nurturing influences of education, childhood, and guidance). Given that genetics and environment both influence human nature and personality, which plays a greater role? The genes we inherit determine physical characteristics about us from the color of our eyes, hair, and skin to how tall or short we will be. However, behavioral tendencies and personality attributes are not hard-wired. As human beings, we are features of our environment and the conditions by which we live shape our personality and our intelligence. We come by our personality traits through observed behaviors, not through genetic endowment. At birth a child’s mind is a blank slate. How he develops from birth is determined by the knowledge he obtains and his experiences. Adopted children support this position. A baby girl is surrendered by her biological parents and adopted. As she grows, she receives high marks throughout school and is accepted to a prestigious college. Is this child academically successful because of her genes, or is her success a result of the enriched environment her adopted parents provided? Adoptive and foster parents have a much greater impact on the personalities of their adopted and fostered offspring than the genes inherited from birth parents. The nurturing environment is the dominant influence on development and behavior. Erik Erikson supports this position in his theory. Erikson held that personality is affected more by learning and experiences and less by hereditary. Psychosocial experiences have a greater influence on personality, not biological forces (p. 172). Dependent versus Independent of Our Past Is personality more influenced by our past events? Or are people independent of the past, with personalities more powerfully shaped by events which occur later in life? For some, personality is dependent on childhood and subject to little change over the course of life. For others, personality is independent of the past. These individuals are influenced by their own experiences, as well as by their objectives and ambitions. For those independent of their past, early experiences do contribute to the formation of personality, but not permanently. On the issue of whether we are shaped more by past experiences, or events which occur later in life, there is no one size fits all answer. Every psyche is unique and each one of us draws on the more powerful determinant. Human nature is both dependent and independent of our past. In one individual the events he experiences in childhood and adolescent years may be a strong contributing factor to his personality. In another, the here and now events of her later life may be the stronger factor in who she has become. An example is given for both sides of the continuum. A brother and sister, one year apart, are raised by the same mother and the men who enter and exit their lives. The two children lead a dysfunctional childhood fraught with homelessness, neglect, poor adult guidance, and mental, physical, and sexual abuse. From adolescence on the brother takes a dark path. He murders a third sibling and is institutionalized. Within a short time of his release from the sanitarium, he commits arson (burns down his sister’s apartment) and is sent to state prison. Upon his release from state prison he leads the life of a drifting loner with anti-social tendencies. Now a 42 year old man he has no family of his own (a good choice given the danger he presents to others at times); possesses only an eighth grade education; is paranoid schizophrenic and suffers from delusions; and cannot maintain employment for extended periods of time. The male child is an example of historical determinism. The extremely unfortunate serious of events of his childhood have made him who he is. His personality is dependent on his past; it was mostly fixed in the early years and has changed little throughout his life. The sister half of the equation began her adolescent and early adult years coping with her past in her own dysfunctional way. While early on she turned to methamphetamine use and sexual promiscuity as escapes from the past, she made a cognitive choice in her 30s not lead the life of her mother. The trigger of a life change for her was predominantly self-motivated by her hopes and aspirations for a future. However, it was influenced by negative events she had experienced in her present situation, as well as positive relationships she formed. She is now 43 years old, married and has four beautiful children. She works full time, owns a beautiful home, is growing in Christ, working toward a college degree, and has goals and aspirations for a fantastic future. Her personality is one completely independent of the past; it was not fixed by the tragic events of her childhood. While childhood and adolescent experiences may have contributed negatively early on to shaping her personality, it was not permanent. She is influenced by events and experiences in the present and they have modified her early personality traits to make her a happy, healthy, productive member of society. Albert Bandura supports the position that behaviors can be modified. He believed that our self-efficacy and a set of ideal behaviors are established in childhood. However, these early experiences can be reversed later in life, and performance standards and behaviors may be replaced (p. 344). Carl Jung also believed we are affected more by our experiences in middle age and our hopes and expectations for the future (p. 102). Unique versus Universal The position that personalities are unique holds that each person’s action has no complementing action or behavior in any other individual. There is no comparing one person to another. The universal position follows that there are overall patterns of behavior among people. That within individuals of the same culture, there are similar identifiable behaviors. Is there such a thing as an innate universal characteristic of human nature? Our experiences shape our behavior; however, two people with a universal pattern (such as those from the same tribe); still grow into two separate and unique individuals. The human personality is both unique and universal. While fully functioning persons share some universal characteristics, we all possess traits unique to the individual. Maslow reinforces uniqueness of personality in his theory. Maslow believed that incentive and needs are universal, but how the needs are met differs between individuals because behaviors are learned. He went on to state that even self-actualizers, despite the fact they share certain abilities, do not have identical behaviors (p. 256). Satisfaction versus Growth Theorists break down the issue of our life goals to opposing motivating factors. Are we driven by satisfaction or growth? If satisfaction is the goal, we are content as long as balance is maintained and our needs are met. In contrast some theorists believe our major motivation is growth. The choice of growth or satisfaction is different from one individual to another. A man in his forties has a comfortable home, a family who love and respect him, plays golf on Saturdays, goes on vacation once a year, and has a job with a decent salary. While he has not reached his fullest potential, or all of the goals he initially set out to attain, this man is satisfied. His position is one that his needs are met, and he sees no need to expend the energy or stress for further growth or development. He may even ask himself, what more could I want? Sigmund Freud took the satisfaction position in his pessimistic view of human nature. Freud believed that we continually experience stress and conflict and that the ultimate goal was to reduce stress (p. 61). While some individuals are satisfied as long as their needs are met and they can sustain a stress free life, others crave knowledge and growth of body and mind. A woman in her forties is in a similar situation as the man in the above example. She has a comfortable home, a family who love and respect her, goes on vacation once a year, and a job with a decent salary. However, the woman is not satisfied. She is driven by her desire for growth, and the need to improve herself. She has aspirations for the future, a longing to help others, and recognizes she has not achieved full potential. While she can certainly live comfortably in her present situation, she knows that she has not reached self-actualization. She realizes that she would not only be cheating herself, but those who surround her and society, by not persevering until she reaches her goals. Carl Rogers supports this position in his theory. Rogers believed our outlook is progressive rather than regressive, toward growth rather than stagnation. In his opinion we seek challenge and stimulation, instead of the satisfaction of familiarity (p. 274). Optimism versus Pessimism For centuries theorists have examined the question of optimism or pessimism. Do humans have an essentially optimistic outlook on life, a positive, upbeat, and hopeful view? Or is the human personality one of a pessimistic outlook, a negative, hopeless view? On the issue of whether our virtues outweigh our shortcomings, in general most of us are optimistic. Collectively, we are socially conscious, unselfish beings with a drive to improve the world around us. People are basically good, caring, and kindhearted. To believe anything else would create a dark portrait of human nature, one of despair and hopelessness. Pessimists would argue that there are wars being waged all over the world, entire cultures being treated as second-class citizens, and poverty is rampant. However, these occurrences do not originate from our human nature. They are activated under given conditions, enabled or hindered by social environments. Gordon Allport presents an optimistic view of adults in control of their lives. We rationally attend to current situations, plan for the future, and form and identity (p. 203). Erik Erikson had an optimistic view of human nature. He believed that although not everyone successful in their goal to attain hope, wisdom, and the other merits of intrinsic worth, we all possess the ability to do so (p. 172). Individual versus Relational Personalities are formed both individually and relationally. When we are born we develop relationally. We form bounds with our parents, siblings, and care-givers relying on them for our needs. During this phase of life, how we grow individually is determined by these early relationships. In return, our relationships often motivate and nurture us to grow individually. For healthy development of the psyche, personalities must form individually and relationally. My own growth is an example of how this continuum is not a matter of individual or relational, but instead individual and relational. For more than ten years I was a lost soul struggling with methamphetamine addiction, depression, periods of homelessness, and all around selfish bad choices. During this dark period, I did not have healthy relationships. At that point in my life, I had lost sight of who I once was and did not like the person I saw in the mirror. When I made the decision to reclaim my life, initially I could not form healthy relationships, or repair damaged ones. I first needed to concentrate on healing myself and developing as an individual. During this healing period, I made a friend and my relational growth fostered my individual growth. Because of this one individual, I have grown individually and reached goals I never would have dreamed possible without the inspiration and love fostered by this relationship. We all have relationships which stimulate our individual growth. In contrast, there are also situations where we cannot develop relationally until we are secure as individuals. The individual versus relational issue was not a continuum addressed in the text book, nor could scholarly information on theorist’s positions on the question be found in my search. Conclusion Human nature is a combination of instincts and environment which compose how we decide on which actions to take. There is no right or wrong answer to the questions about human nature posed by personality theorists. It is easy to see why theorists such as Fromm, Murray, Jung, and Erikson leaned neither right nor left on three or four of the six issues. When first assigned the project, I held a firm position on where I stood on each of the issues. In an attempt to better understand the fundamental issues themselves, I began to read what surely amounted to hundreds of pages of material on the questions about human nature. These essays, papers, definitions, and postulates were written by psychologists, theologians, students, and (I’m ashamed to admit) the folks at Wikipedia and Ask. com. The more I read, the more I began to drift from my previous position on most of the issues. To counter this, I would read more viewpoints in a fruitless search to find something, anything, which held a firm position one way or another on any of the questions. I was desperate for an answer that would lead me back to a firm right or left position on the issues. I discovered that on the questions about human nature, there is no black and white answer; the answers are different for each of us.

Failure Analysis/Change Strategy Essay

There should also be a strategy in mind when it comes to businesses in order to prevent failure. The company should have everything documented all the way from budgeting, goals, employees and other important factors that a business will need in order to succeed. There are two companies that are great examples of a business failure and success. The failure would be Blockbuster (movie rental company) and Starbucks (coffee shop). These two companies have been around for years. However, one of the companies failed recently, which is Blockbuster. The objective, vision and mission for Blockbuster was to provide a great service for families and friends to enjoy the presence of movies as if they were at the theatre. Blockbuster was a company that served the public for many years. Having the ability to rent movies from different years and all categories is what helped the business succeed. The vision was to give individuals the ability to see movies that were no longer at the movie theater or on television. The mission was to provide media entertainment. The objective, vision and mission for Starbucks is to provide quality coffee to customers and keep them satisfied. The individuals that work for the company must have an enthusiastic personality to fit the company and keep customers smiling. This has helped them to remain successful along with serving a great beverage. This company also has different franchises all over the world to meet the needs of customers. The indicators from the failure of Blockbuster has a lot to do with structure. There are many companies out there now that are more convenient when it comes to movie rentals. Individuals are able to order movies online and from the actual cable company. There are also movie stands in front of certain stores and individuals can rent those at ease. This business would not be able to keep up with all the advanced technology. The success from Starbucks would be the quality of leadership style that the company possess and structure. The structure of the business is set up in many places which  provides better access for consumers. Any place that a person may go, there is likely to be a Starbucks around to grab a hot cup of coffee. This keeps the company booming and convenience for the customers which keeps them satisfied. This business will to continue to grow with all the different franchises that are also produced.

How to Study for the Summer SAT 4 Helpful Tips

How to Study for the Summer SAT 4 Helpful Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As of August 2017, there's now an SAT test date at the end of the summer. What are the advantages of taking the SAT in the summer and what’s the best way to prep for the summer SAT? Read on to find out the summer SAT dates for 2018 and 2019 and what the best way to prep for them are. When Is the Summer SAT? There are seven SAT test dates every year. The SAT test dates in 2018 are as follows: March 10 May 5 June 2 August 25* (Summer SAT!) October 6* November 3* December 1* *Anticipated test date And here are the 2018 SAT test dates: March 9* May 4 June 1 August 24* (Summer SAT!) October 5* November 2* December 7* *Anticipated test date Depending on your own preferences and situation, you may decide that the SATsummertest dates are just not for you or that adding the SAT August test date is the best thing that the College Board has ever done. We discuss two pros and two cons of the summer SAT dates in the next few sections of this article. Anthony Godinho/Flickr. Pro: More Time to Study = Better Chance of a High Score The biggest advantage of the new summer SAT date is that over the summer, you’ll have no school and little to no schoolwork, which means you can devote your entire summer to studying for the SAT. No, spending your summer break studying for the SAT doesn’t really sound like a fun time. But the advantages to you and your test score of spending more time studying are clear. Here’s a rough estimate of how long you need to study for each level of score improvement: Points Hours 0-30 10 30-70 20 70-130 40 130-200 80 200-330+ 150+ During the school year, carving out time to spend on SAT prep (particularly if you need to improve 200+ points) can be extremely difficult. You’re already in school for nearly 40 hours a week, and then there’s homework, extracurriculars, maybe a part-time job, social activity, sleeping (hah)...adding another 7-15 hours a week of SAT studying on top of that for three months might seem impossible. It’s only during the summer, when you have no school and minimal summer homework, that you’ll be able to really devote yourself to studying for the SAT regularly for significant chunks of time. Even if you just spend a couple of hours a day on SAT prep between the end of school and the summer SAT, that’s already over a hundred hours of prep! You can find more information about how long you should spend studying for the SAT here. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Con: Low Motivation If you’re the type of student who does better in structured environments, you might find it difficult to effectively study for the SAT over the summer. When you’re not in classes every day, it’s easy to fall out of the studying mindset and lose your motivation. It can also be hard to find the motivation to study because the break between the end of the school year and the August SAT is so long. You might find yourself procrastinating in June and July, thinking â€Å"Eh, I have two months left, I’ll be fine,† and end up not studying at all until August. While it could still end up working out okay, if you can’t get yourself motivated to study it’s unlikely you’ll see big score increases on the test. Plus, you’ll have spent the whole summer with the SAT hanging over your head, which is no one's idea of a good time. Pro: SAT Summer Prep Programs Doing a structured SAT prep program or summer camp can help keep you motivated. Rather than having to go to an SAT prep class in the evenings after a long day of school and activities, you'll be able to get started on studying when you're still fresh and energized. By having a class to go to or a certain amount of prep you have to turn in every day, you’re held accountable for studying. And if you find yourself hating the subject material, you have the light at the end of the tunnel of knowing that if you put in the effort now, you can take the summer SAT right after your SAT summer program ends and then never have to think about it again. Con: No Summer Vacation After spending 9-10 months in school mode, your brain could probably use a break, and if you devote your summer to studying for the SAT, you won’t give yourself that time to rest. Not having a summer break is especially a problem if you’re feeling really burned out at the end of the school year and need the summer to recover before heading back into school-mode. It's also an issue if you’re planning on working full-time during the summer, as studying for the SAT on top of working might be too draining to be effective. To avoid setting yourself up to fail, as the end of the school year approaches, you need to assess how burned out you are and how busy you're going to be during the summer. We'll talk more about this in Tip #4 in this article. Don't let this be you. Summer SAT Prep Tips To wrap up, here are four tips to guide your prep for the SATsummer test date. #1: Make a Study Plan To keep up your motivation, make yourself a summer SAT study plan and stick to it. Plan out to the day and week how much time you’ll spend studying and how often you’ll be taking practice tests. You can be flexible if you find you’re progressing faster or slower than you expected, but try to stick to your study plan as much as possible. By planning ahead of time, you’ll also be able to do things like adjust for mandatory family vacations or other summer activities. Learn how to find your SAT target score, gauge how much you need to improve, and review your mistakes with these four ultimate SAT study tips. You should also use the tips in this article about getting a perfect score on the SAT to keep up your motivation. #2: Target Your Weak Areas To keep your skills honed, you’ll need to regularly practice skills you struggle with. Before you start your summer studying, take a full-length practice test, note what you had problems with, and plan your studying accordingly. For instance, let's say you took a practice test and did fine on Writing Language and Math but struggled with the Reading section. When plan your studying, you'll need to make sure that you’re regularly drilling yourself on SAT Reading passages and reading SAT-level materials. #3: Consider a Summer SAT Prep Course Think about doing a summer SAT bootcamp or other SAT prep course this summer to give you more structure in your studying. It’s no fun to have to give up part or all of your summer for SAT prep, but if you can get a great score in August then you’ll be done with the test forever. #4: Don’t Burn Yourself Out If you get to the end of the school year and you're brain-dead because of how hard you’ve been working, give yourself a break. Immediately diving into SAT prep when you no longer care about anything schoolwork related is a recipe for disaster. Instead, give yourself a set amount of time to relax and reboot. It’s better to spend a week or two at the beginning of the summer building up your motivation than to force yourself straight into SAT prep and see no score improvement. Avoiding burning yourself out also means not creating a too ambitious summer SAT prep schedule. Don’t expect that you can study for ten hours a day for months on end and continue to have high-quality studying time Know your own studying strengths and weaknesses and create a study plan that plays to your strengths and minimizes your weaknesses. For example, if you know you can only concentrate for about 45 minutes at a time, build in breaks to your study sessions so that you can concentrate absolutely for those 45 minutes, confident that you’ll have time to take a break once that sprint is over. What’s Next? Looking for more advice on how to plan your summer SAT studying? Learn more with our article on making a study plan for the summer before senior year. Thinking about getting a tutor to help you with your SAT score goals? Find out if it makes more sense for you to hire a tutor or to study for the SAT on your own. How early should you begin studying for the SAT? Read our analysis of when to start studying for the SAT and figure out what works best for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

25 Things Every New Italian Language Learner Should Know

25 Things Every New Italian Language Learner Should Know So you’ve decided to learn Italian? Hooray! Deciding to learn a foreign language is a big deal, and as exciting as it can be to make that choice, it can also be overwhelming to know where to start or what to do. What’s more, as you dive even more deeply into learning, the number of things you need to learn and all the things that confuse you can start to demotivate you. We don’t want that to happen to you, so heres a list of 25 things that every new Italian language learner should know. When you go into this experience with clear, realistic expectations and a better idea of how to handle uncomfortable moments, it can often make the difference between those who say they’ve always wanted to learn Italian and those who become conversational. 25 Things Every New Italian Language Learner Should Know There is not even one â€Å"Learn Italian Quick† program that will be your be-all-end-all. There is no lightning in a bottle for Italian. There are hundreds of great, high-quality resources, many of which I can recommend, but know, above all, that YOU are the person learning the language. As polyglot Luca Lampariello often says, â€Å"Languages cannot be taught, they can only be learned.†In the beginning stages of learning, you will learn a ton, and then as you near that blessed intermediate level, you’ll have a period where you feel like you’re not making any progress. This is normal. Don’t get down on yourself about it. You actually are making progress, but at that stage, more effort is required, particularly when it comes to spoken Italian. Speaking of†¦Learning how to sound fluid and natural in Italian requires a lot of speaking practice and not just listening, reading, and writing practice. As you’re able to form longer sentences an d have a larger stockpile of vocabulary, you’ll want to find  a language partner. For some people, speaking can start from day one, but it depends on your experience, and a language partner can help you stay in this for the long-haul, which is critical because... Learning a language is a commitment that requires devotion (read: studying on a daily basis.) Start with a so-easy-you-can’t-say-no routine at first, like five minutes a day, and then build from there as studying becomes more of a habit. Now that you’re a language learner, you’ve got to find a way to weave it into your daily life.It’s meant to be fun, and it’s also absurdly gratifying- especially when you have your first conversation where you can connect with someone. Make sure to engage in activities that you find joy in. Find fun YouTube channels, work with tutors who make you laugh, find Italian music to add to your playlists. But know that...You will try to like Italian music, but you will probably be disappointed.  You will be able to understand more than you’ll be able to say. This is to be expected since at first, you’ll be taking in more information (listening and  reading) than you’re putting out (writing and speak ing).BUT, EVEN THEN...you may study for a long time and then feel brave enough to watch some Italian TV and not understand more than 15 percent  of what they’re saying. That’s normal, too. Your ear isn’t used to the rate of speech yet and lots of things are in dialect or contain slang, so be gentle with yourself. There is a thing in Italian where you have to make your nouns, adjectives and verbs agree in number and gender. This will happen with pronouns and prepositions, too. No matter how well you know the rules, you will mess up. It’s not a big deal. The goal is to be understood, not perfect.And in that same vein, you will definitely make mistakes. They are normal. You will say embarrassing things like â€Å"ano - anus† instead of â€Å"anno - year.† Laugh it off, and think of it as one entertaining way to acquire new vocabulary.You will get confused between the imperfect and the past tense. Just consider that challenge as a recipe you keep on tweaking. It will always be edible, but it could still be better.You will overuse the gerund tense when you mean to use the present tense. This and a host of other problems will arise from your  depending on English to inform your Italian.  You will totally forget to use the past tense during conversations. Our brains like to go to what’s easiest, so when we’re nervous while trying to have a conversation with a native speaker, it defaults to what’s easiest, which is often the present. And while you’re having those early conversations, you will feel like you lack a personality in Italian. As you learn more, your personality will re-emerge, I promise. In the meantime, it could be helpful to make a list of phrases that you often say in English and ask your tutor for the Italian equivalents.You will say â€Å"yes† to things you meant to say â€Å"no† to and â€Å"no† to things you meant to say â€Å"yes† to. You will order the wrong thing when youre dining out. You will ask for the wrong size when youre shopping. You will get a lot of weird stares from people trying to understand you, and you will need to repeat yourself. It’s all okay, and nothing is personal. People really want to know what you’re saying.When you visit Italy, anxious to put your Italian into action on its home turf, you will be English-ed, and it’s not meant as an insult.You will constantly wonder whether you should be using the â€Å" tu† or the â€Å"lei† form with all people everywhere that ever existed. At some point (or more realistically, several points), you will lose motivation and fall off the Italian studying wagon. You’ll also find new ways to get back on it. You will be impatient to reach â€Å"fluency.† (Hint: Fluency isn’t a real destination. So enjoy the ride.)You will consider using Google Translate for everything. Try not to. It can easily become a crutch. Use dictionaries like WordReference and Context-Reverse first.Once you learn how to use the word â€Å"boh,† you will start using it all the time in English.You will love the colorful proverbs and idioms that differ from English. ‘Who sleeps doesn’t catch fish’  instead of ‘the early bird catches the worm’? Adorable.Your mouth will feel weird pronouncing unfamiliar words. You will feel insecure about you’re speaking. You will think you should be further along. Remember that feeling uncomfortable means you’re doing something right. Then, ignore those negative thoughts and keep studying.You will forget that communication is about more than a perfectly constructed sentence and will try to learn the language through just studying the grammar. Resist the temptation for everything to be structured.But most importantly, know that you will, after practice and devotion, be able to speak Italian- not quite like a native, but comfortable enough to do the things that matter, like make friends, eat authentic Italian food, and experience a new country from the eyes of someone who is no longer a typical tourist. Buono studio!

Finance - Budgeting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance - Budgeting - Assignment Example A comparison of the actual and budgeted costs should be closely monitored to determine the efficiency of the system in place. If the current technique does not always reflect the true cost of operation or reports wide gaps between budgeted and actual costs, a change in technique could be a solution. The company has been employing process costing to budget and monitor its various costs. This method is a widely used tool in costing of its products. In order to do this, the company recognizes the following cost pools: The production budget of the company is set before the production period usually for one year. Traditional costing method and variance analysis are used to adjust the different costs incurred. At the end of each quarter, the company computes the different variances to determine whether the company is above or below the set level. However, no effort is made to correct the budgeted costs. As the size of the company is relatively small, it currently doesn't employ any software in order to efficiently track costs. The data for production is gathered for each pool center manually and is sent to each department involved such as purchasing, billing, and inventory. It is also apparent that the company has no formal monitoring system as the budgets are never adjusted. It should be noted that the price of materials being used by the company often vary with their availability. For instance, the price of LPG is directly related to the price of fuel in the world market. The volatility of the price of fuel is not taken into account as the company's budget is already set for a year's period. Recommendations for Improvement A company's budget as discussed above is one of the most significant information for managers as it reflects its expectations on its future operations. The company under consideration reports declining profitability within the past five years. The reported reasons for this are unexpected rise in material inputs which are not anticipated and reflected on pricing and additional costs due to lost of administrative and paper works. The company also admitted that as its competitors seem to be gaining market share through production efficiency, they seem to be lagging off. This is reflected by their declining profits and high production costs. It is recommended that the company reevaluate its value chain. This evaluation is needed in order for them to ascertain the processes which add value to their products and eliminating those which do not. This will lead to a leaner manufacturing system and will surely help the company in cutting down unnecessary costs. The company should also create an information system in order to